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difference between the value of the fire wall and of controlling the number of people and that the latter had to be considered only as a life protector. But they always recommended it. It's true that many of the things that we recommended primarily for the protection of life also were admirable devices for the protection of property and for the reducing of the fire insurance.

Another group of the insurance people came to our assistance in this matter and that was the casualty insurance people, who were very strong in their support of these measures for the prevention of catastrophic accidents. Later on when workmen's compensation became a strong interest in my life, a schedule of differentials for protective devices was already being worked out. That is, if you guarded the wheel of a machine, as the law required you to do in New York State, your accident hazard rate went down. After there was workmen's compensation insurance it became vitally important to employers to avoid the scalping accident, which is a very high cost accident, and to avoid many other things - catching the hand in the mangle and all those common accidents. They could be protected against by proper guards and proper devices. He came in to figure out the differentials and had a very great influence upon the reduction of accident rates