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“labor's magna charta.” Everybody said, “The government says you can join the union.” That was easily translated into, “The government says you must join the union,” or that you ought to join a union. Anyhow, everything was going to be fine and they joined up.

All this was not only true of the miners, although that was the most spectacular drive. A number of unions put on these drives. Textiles began to try to organize. Of course, there were always two or three factions in the textile unions. The various factions began organizing separately in little separate drives of their own. A good many other unions began organizing. There was a rash of organizing.

I don't think any of them had thought it through or really consulted counsel to know how valid this 7(a) of the NRA would be if ever put to a court test, or what would happen if you pled that when your employer got an injunction out against you. They hadn't thought it through. They didn't have any legal advice on the subject.

As they began to organize you began to get resistance on the part of employers who had gotten along without a union very well for these many years. The open shop drive began right after the First World War and that was a very successful drive on the part of the employers. They pretty well washed