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intellectual activity.

Sloan wasn't that kind of a man. Sloan had been the salesman. He'd been the man who knew how to make deals, to put over deals. That was his inventiveness. He was not creative. It was the difference between the trader in his mentality and the manufacturer. As Knudsen said, “I can make automobiles under any labor policy.” That's a good philosophical statement. He could. But Alfred Sloan didn't understand either the manufacture of automobiles, or the handling of labor, which Knudsen did. Labor was one of the things that Knudsen worked with in getting thousands and thousands of automobiles made. He knew about human beings, how they operate with machinery, with tools, with materials. He knew what human beings can and will do. He knew how to get mass production operations out of them, and a high rate and high grade of production out of them. Sloan didn't know anything about that. He couldn't have done it to save his life.

So Sloan was frightened. A kind of fear came over him when he began to think in terms that had to do with the making of the automobiles, and with the handling, developing, directing and rewarding of the human beings that constituted the labor that went into the automobile-making. Fear would overtake him. His