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associate that wide-eyed look with a little bit of fanaticism which easily goes along with the open, honest, high-minded temperament, which this particular speaker said their faces indicated they had.

However, most propaganda was going very subtly. Of course, Victor Ridder had told me about it very early. The Ridders, I know, were constantly pumping it into the President, and sometimes a little bit to me and to others who had more to do with the actual strategy of the situation than I had. They tried to show us how big the German propaganda was and how far it was going. It was very heavily lodged in the West. It was not merely anti-war, but real pro-Germanism. This was very disturbing. You wouldn't have supposed that Americans would succumb to obvious propaganda so easily. I remember somebody saying that it wasn't too obvious, that it was done pretty well.

A number of people were aware of all this. Ickes, for instance, was very alert to it and aware of it. I was only partly aware of it, and I was aware of it locally, in local examples. I was also somewhat aware of it because through the Immigration Service we had had to keep a constant watch out for people who might be bearers of German propaganda. But for the most part the German propaganda was carried on in this country by Americans, by people who were legally resident