Class Syllabus

PART ONE: MASTER NARRATIVES

 

5. Sept.-- Varieties of Japanese history

 

Introduction: Master narratives and epochal moments

Historywriting in the Meiji period

 

Meiji Historywriting

  • *Fukuzawa Yukichi, An Outline of a Theory of Civi- lization (1875), trans., Dilworth and Hurst (Sophia University, 1973), Ch.9, "The Origins of Japanese Civilization," pp. 135-170.
  • *Tokutomi Soho, The Future Japan [Shorai no Nihon, 1886], trans., Sinh (University of Alberta Press, 1989), "Japan in Retrospect," pp. 133-166.
  • *Taguchi Yukichi, A Short History of the Civiliza- tion of Japan [Nihon kaika shoshi, 1877-82], trans. for revised Sources of Japanese Tradition, vol. 2 (Columbia University Press, forthcoming), (1 p.)
  • *Shigeno Yasutsugu, "Those Who Engage in the Study of History Must Be Fair-minded in Spirit," Shigakkai zasshi, no. 1 (Dec. 15, 1889), (1 p.)
  • *Kume Kunitake, "The Abuses of Textual Criticism," Shigaku zasshi 12 (1901), from Kume Kunitake rekishi chosakushu, vol. 3 (Yoshikawa kobunkan, 1990), pp. 59-74, (2 pp.)

Optional background: a general history of modern Japan

  • Peter Duus, Modern Japan (Houghton Mifflin pbk, 1998)
  • Mikiso Hane, Modern Japan: A Historical Survey (Westview pbk, 1986)
  • Marius Jansen, The Emergence of Modern Japan (Harvard, 2000)
  • James McClain, Japan: A Modern History (Norton, 2001)
  • Janet Hunter, The Emergence of Modern Japan (Longman pbk, 1989)

 

12. Sept. -- Marxism

 

Marxism in context

Marxist historiography

 

Context

  • **Peter Duus and Irwin Scheiner, "Socialism, Liber- alism, and Marxism, 1901-1931," in Peter Duus, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan,vol. 6, The Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 654-710 (also in Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, Modern Japanese Thought (Cambridge pbk, 1998), pp. 147-206) On order at bookstore.
  • * Germaine Hoston, Marxism and the Crisis of Devel- opment in Prewar Japan (Princeton, 1986), ch. 5, pp. 95-126 (development of capitalism and the Meiji Restoration); ch. 7, pp. 179-222 (theories of the state and the emperor-system; also, ch.9, pp. 251-292 (postwar developments).

Historiography

  • **"Features" and "Prospectus" (1931) of the Nihon shihonshugi hattatsushi köza [Lectures on the development of Japanese Capitalism, 1932-33]; "Manifesto" of the Historical Studies Association [Rekishigaku kenkyükai, 1933]; Declaration" of the Historical Studies Association (1946); trans. for Sources of Japanese Tradition, 5 pp.
  • **Matsukata Saburo, "A Historical Study of Japanese Capitalism," (review of Nihon shihonshugi hattatsushi köza [Lectures on the History of the Development of Japanese Capitalism), Pacific Affairs (March 1934), pp. 71-76.
  • **Hattori Shiso, "Absolutism and Historiographical Interpretation," Japan Interpreter, vol. XIII, no. 1 (Summer 1980), pp. 15-35.
  • **Toyama Shigeki, "Independence and Modernization in the Nineteenth Century," in Nagai Michio and Miguel Urrutia, eds., Meiji ishin: Restoration and Revolution (United Nations University), 1985, pp.29-42.
  • **Nakamura Masanori, "The Emperor System of the 1900s," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars,vol. 16, no. 2 (April-June 1984), pp. 2-10.
  • *Nakamura Masanori, "Establishment of the Symbol Emperor system," and "The Enter prise State and the Emperor System," in The Japanese Monarchy (M.E. Sharpe, 1992), pp. 107-59.

 

 

19. Sept. -- "Modernism"

 

Modernism in context

Modernist historiography

 

Context

  • **J. Victor Koschmann, "Intellectuals and Politics," in Andrew Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (California, 1993), pp. 395-423.
  • *J. Victor Koschmann, "The Modern Ethos," in Revolution and Subjectivity in Postwar Japan (University of Chicago, 1996), pp. 149-93.
  • *Andrew Barshay, "Imagining Democracy in Postwar Japan: Reflections on Maruyama Masao and Modernism," Journal of Japanese Studies 18,no. 2 (Summer 1992), pp. 365-406.

Historiography

  • **Maruyama Masao, Studies in the Intellectual His- tory of Tokugawa Japan, (Princeton, 1974), "Author's introduction to English Edition," pp.xv-xxxvii; and optional, "Conclusion," pp. 177-185.
  • **Maruyama Masao, "Japanese Thought," in Irwin Scheiner, ed., Modern Japan: an Interpretive Anthology (Macmillan pbk, 1974), pp. 208-215.
  • **Maruyama Masao, "The Structure of Matsurigoto: The basso ostinato of Japanese Political Life," in Henny and Lehmann, eds., Themes and Theories in Modern Japanese History (Athlone, 1988), pp. 27-43.
  • **Maruyama Masao, "Theory and Psychology of Ultranationalism," in Thought and Behavior in Modern Japanese Politics (Oxford, 1963), pp. 1-24.
  • **Otsuka Hisao, "Modernization Reconsidered: With Specific Reference to Industrialization," Developing Economies, vol 3, no. 4 (Dec. 1965), pp. 387-403.

 

Optional:

  • Andrew Barshay, "Postwar Social and Political Thought, 1945-1990," in Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, Modern Japanese Thought (Cam- bridge, 1998), 273-355.
  • Rikki Kersten, Democracy in Post-War Japan: Maruyama Masao and the Search for Autonomy (Routledge, 1996)

 

26.Sept. People's History

 

People's history in context

From minshüshi to shakaishi [from people's history to social history]

 

Context

  • **Carol Gluck, "The People in History," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 38, no. 1 (Nov. 1978), pp. 25-50.
  • *Tsurumi Kazuko, "Yanagita Kunio's Work as a Model of Endogenous Development,"Japan Quarterly, Vol. XXII, no. 3 (July- September 1975), pp. 223-238.

Historiography

  • **Irokawa Daikichi, The Culture of the Meiji Period (Princeton pbk), ch. 3, pp. 76-122.
  • *Irokawa Daikichi, "Popular Movements in Modern Japanese History," in McCormack and Sugimoto,eds., The Japanese Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond (Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 69- 86
  • *Irokawa Daikichi, "The Survival Struggle of the Japanese Community," in J. Victor Koschmann, Authority and the Individual in Japan (University of Tokyo Press, 1978), pp. 250-282.
  • **Yasumaru Yoshio, "Japan's Modernization and Popu- lar Thought," draft trans. of "Nihon no kindaika to minshü shisö," Nihon no kindaika no minshü shisö (Aoki shoten, 1974), pp. 4-55 (29 pp.)
  • *Takashi Fujitani, "Minshüshi" as Critique of Orientalist Knowledge," Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 6, no. 2 (Fall 1998), pp.303-322.
  • **Amino Yoshihiko, "Emperor, Rice, and Commoners," in Donald Denoon, Mark Hudson, Gavan McCormack, and Tessa Morris- Suzuki, eds., Multicultural Japan: Palaeolithic to Postmodern (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 235-45

 

3. Oct. Empiricism and Political History

Postnational History and the Cultural Turn

 

 

Empiricism and Political History:

  • **George Akita, "Trends in Modern Japanese Political History: The Positivist Studies,"Monumenta Nipponica, vol. 37, no. 4 (Winter 1982), pp. 497-521.
  • **Banno Junji, Democracy in Pre-War Japan: Concepts of Government, 1871-1937, Collected Essays (Routledge, 2001), preface (1 p.)
  • **Banno Junji, "Emperor, Cabinet, Diet in Meiji Politics," Acta Asiatica 59 (1990),pp.59-76.

Postnational History and the Cultural Turn:

  • **Amino Yoshihiko, "Deconstructing `Japan'," East Asian History 3(June 1992), pp. 121-42.
  • *Tomiyama Ichiro, "The Critical Limits of the National Community:The Ryukyuan Subject," Social Science Japan Journal 1, no. 2 (Oct. 1998), pp. 165-80
  • **Nishikawa Yuko, "The Modern Family and Changing Forms of Dwellings in Japan: Male-centered Houses, Female-centered Houses, and Gender-neutral Rooms, in Wakita Haruko, Anne Bouchy and Ueno Chizuko, eds., Gender and Japanese History: The Self and Express- ion/Work and Life, vol. 2 (Osaka University Press,1999), pp. 477-508.
  • **Ueno Chizuko, "Historians and Public Memory in Japan: The "Comfort Women" Controversy," History and Memory 11, no. 2 (Fall/Winter 1999), pp. 117-152
  • *Wakita Haruko, Narita Ryuichi, Anne Walthall and Hitomi Tonomura, "Past Developments and Future Issues in the Study of Women's History in Japan: A Bibliographical Essay," in Hitomi Tonomura, Anne Walthall, and Wakita Haruo, eds., Women and Class in Japanese History (Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1999), pp. 299-313

 

10. Oct. Popular Pasts

 

Public memory in changing contexts

Tales of popular history

 

Public memory:

  • **Carol Gluck, "The Past in the Present," in Andrew Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (University of California, 1993), pp. 64-95.

Schoolbook history:

  • *"Meiji Ishin," Chugaku Shakai [Middle School World] (Nihon Shoseki, 1996), pp. 177-191
  • **"The Opening of Japan and the End of the Edo Shogunate," Atarashii shakai: rekishi (Tokyo shoseki, 1993), pp. 202-207.

Cartoon history:

  • *"Kurofune ga kita" and "Meiji ishin" in Nihon no rekishi, vol.13 (Shueisha, 1982), pp. 5-22, 43-74.
  • *"Meiji no shinseifu," in Nihon no rekishi, vol.17 (Shogakukan, 1983), pp. 12-45 (translation of 12-29 also included)

 

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FILM SHOWING: OCT. 10, 6:30 PM EE JA NAI KA (1981), Imamura Shohei

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17. Oct. -- Master Narratives in comparison

Overlaying the narratives

 

PAPER DUE, 24. Oct.

 

PART II: EPOCHAL MOMENTS

 

24. Oct. -- Modernity and inventions of tradition

Edo, light and dark

The Meiji Revolution

 

Edo:

  • **Yasumaru Yoshio, "Rebellion and Peasant Conscious- ness in the Edo Period," Senri Ethnological Studies 13 (1984), pp. 401-420.
  • **Herbert Bix, Peasant Protest in Japan, 1590-1884 (Yale, 1986), intro. pp. xiii-xxxviii.
  • **Nakane Chie and Oishi Shinzaburo, eds., Tokugawa Japan: The Social and Economic Antecedents of Modern Japan (University of Tokyo, 1990), intro, pp. 3-9; ch. 1, pp. 11-36.
  • **Yamazaki Masakazu and Haga Toru, "Reexamining the Era of National Seclusion," Japan Echo XIX, no. 4 (Winter 1992), pp. 70- 77.
  • *Carol Gluck, "The Invention of Edo," in Stephen Vlastos, ed., Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions in Modern Japan (California , 1998), pp. 262-84

Meiji Refolution:

  • **John Dower, ed., Origins of the Modern Japanese State: Selected Writings of E.H. Norman (Pantheon pbk, 1975), pp. 109-210.
  • *Fujita Shozo, "The Spirit of the Meiji Revolu- tion," Japan Interpreter 6, no. 7 (Spring 1970), pp. 70-97.
  • **Sakata Yoshio and J.W.Hall, "The Motivation of Political Leadership in the Meiji Restoration," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 16, no. 1 (Nov.,1956), pp. 31-50.
  • *H.D. Harootunian, review of Beasley's The Meiji Restoration in Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 33, no. 4 (August 1974), pp.659-672.
  • **Kuwabara Takeo, "The Meiji Revolution and Japan's Modernization," and **Takeda Kiyoko, "The Unfinished Meiji Revolution in Intellectual History," in Nagai and Urrutia, eds., Meiji ishin: Restoration and Revolution, pp. 20-28; pp. 159-172.

 

31. Oct. -- Meanings of Meiji

Imperial Japan

Tales of economic development

 

Imperial Japan:

**Oka Yoshitake, "Ito Hirobumi: Father of the Con- stitution," in Five Political Leaders of

 

Modern Japan (University of Tokyo Press, 1979), pp. 3-43. Also,

  • **Banno, "Emperor, Cabinet, Diet in Meiji Politics," as above under "Empiricism."
  • **Maruyama Masao, "Fukuzawa, Uchimura, and Okakura: Meiji Intellectuals and Westernization," The Developing Economies (Dec. 1966), pp. 594-611.
  • *Kamishima Jiro, "Mental Structure of the Emperor System," The Developing Economies Vol.4 (Dec. 1967), pp. 702-726.
  • **Irokawa Daikichi, "The Emperor System as a Spiritual Structure," in The Culture of the Meiji Period (Princeton, 1985) pp. 245-311
  • *Yasumaru Yoshio, "National Religion, the Imperial Institution, and Invented Tradition: The Western Stimulus," Canon and Modernity: Japanese Modernization
  • Reconsidered: Trans-cultural Perspectives (Tokyo: Deutsches Institut fur Japanstudien, 2000), pp. 167-181.
  • **Hirota Masaki, "Notes on the "Process of Creating Women'", Wakita Haruko, Anne Bouchy, Ueno Chizuko, eds., Gender and Japanese History vol. 2 (Osaka University Press, 1999), pp.197-220
  • *Hirota Masaki, "Structures of Discrimination in modern Japan," draft translation of "Sabetsu no shos‰," Nihon kindai shiso taikei, vol. 22, ed. Hirota (Iwanami shoten, 1990), pp. 1-95.

 

Tales of Economic Development

  • **Taira Koji, "Japan's Modern Growth: Capitalist Development under Absolutism," in Harry Wray and Hilary Conroy, eds., Japan Examined: Perspectives on Modern Japanese History (Hawaii, 1983), pp. 34-41.
  • **Nakamura Takafusa, Economic Growth in Prewar Japan (Yale, 1983), pp. 1-41
  • **Mikiso Hane, Peasants, Rebels, and Outcastes: The Underside of Modern Japan (Pantheon pbk, 1982), pp. 2-27.

 

7. Nov. Taisho and the Twenties

Mass politics and Taisho democracy

Mass society and popular culture

 

Mass politics and Taisho democracy

  • **Matsuo Takayoshi, "The Development of Democracy in Japan -- Taisho Democracy: Its Flowering and Breakdown," The Developing Economies, vol. 4, no. 4 (Dec. 1966), pp. 612-637.
  • **Kato Shuichi, "Taisho Democracy as the Pre-Stage for Japanese Militarism," in Silberman and Harootunian, eds., Japan in Crisis:Essays in Taisho Democracy (Princeton, 1974), pp. 217- -10-236.
  • *Takeda Kiyoko, "Yoshino Sakuzo," Japan Quarterly, vol. 12 (Oct.-Dec. 1965), pp. 515-24.
  • *Toyama Shigeki, "Politics, Economics, and the International Environment in the Meiji and Taisho Periods," The Developing Economies (Dec.1966), pp. 419-46.
  • **Shiota Shobei, "The Rice Riots and the Social Problems," The Developing Economies (Dec. 1966),pp.516-34.
  • *Nakamura Masanori, "The Japanese Landlord System and Tenancy Disputes: A Reply to Richard Smethurst's Criticisms," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, vol. 20, no. 1 (1988), pp. 36-50.

Mass society and popular culture

  • **Miriam Silverberg, "The Modern Girl as Militant," in Gail Bernstein, ed., Recreating Japanese Women, 1600-1945 (University of California pbk, 1991), pp. 239-266.
  • **Narita Ryuichi, "The Overflourishing of Sexuality in 1920s Japan," Wakita Haruko, Anne Bouchy, Ueno Chizuko, eds., Gender and Japanese History, vol. \1 (Osaka University Press, 1999), pp.345- 70.

 

14. Nov. The Dark Valley

Questions of fascism

Imperialism and the Fifteen-year War

 

Fascism

  • *McGormack, Gavan, "Nineteen-Thirties Japan: Fascism?" and Herbert Bix, "Rethinking Emperor-System Fascism," Bulletin of Con- cerned Asian Scholars 14 (April-June 1982), pp. 2-19; 20-32.
  • **Maruyama Masao, "The Ideology and Dynamics of Japanese Fascism," in Thought and Behavior in Modern Japanese Politics (Oxford, 1963), pp. 25-83.
  • *Banno Junji, "The Rise and Fall of Party Government (1924-1936), Democracy in Pre-War Japan: Concepts of Government, 1871- 1937,Collected Essays (Routledge, 2001)
  • *Peter Duus and Daniel I. Okimoto, "Fascism and the History of Prewar Japan: the Failure of a Concept," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 39, no. 1 (Nov. 1979), pp. 65-76.

Empire and War

  • *Louise Young, Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism (California, 1998), pp. 3-20
  • *Tomiyama Ichiro, "Colonialism and the Sciences of the Tropical Zone: The Academic Analysis of Difference in "the -11- Island Peoples," Positions 3, no.2 (1995), pp. 367-91.
  • **Ienaga Saburo, The Pacific War (Pantheon pbk, 1978), pp. 3-54 and pp. 247-56
  • **Irokawa Daikichi, "War and Peace," in The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan (Free Press, 1995), "War and Peace," pp. 5-39.
  • ` **Tsurumi Shunsuke, An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931-1945 (KPI, 1986), pp. 1-41.
  • **Textbook selections from Gendai no Nihonshi A (Yamakawa shuppan, 1994), pp. 130-144
  • **Kobayashi Yoshinori, Sensoron [On War] (Genosha, 1998), pp.27-38 [translation of pp.28 & 30 included]

 

21. Nov. The "Postwar" Project

Reinventing Japan

"High growth" and after

 

Reinventing Japan

  • **Tsurumi Shunsuke, A Cultural History of Postwar Japan, 1945-1980 (KPI, 1987), pp. 1-27.
  • *Yui Daizaburo, "Democracy from the Ruins: The First Seven Weeks of the Occupation in Japan," Hitotsubashi Journal of Social Studies, vol.19 (1987), pp. 31-45.
  • **Yamanouchi Yasushi, ""Total-War and System Integration: A Methodological Introduction," in Yamanouchi Yasushi, J. Victor Koschmann, and Narita Ryuichi, eds., Total War and Mobilization (Cornell East Asian Series, 1998), pp. 1-5, 19-29

"High growth" and after

  • **Masataka Kosaka, 100 Million Japanese: The Postwar Experience (Kodansha, 1972), pp.267-81
  • **Hidaka Rokuro, The Price of Affluence: Dilemma of Contemporary Japan (Kodansha, 1984), pp. 15-47, 63-78.
  • *Hidaka Rokuro, "The Crisis of Postwar Democracy," in McCormack and Sugimoto, eds., Democracy in Contemporary Japan (M.E. Sharpe, 1986), pp. 228-246.
  • **Irokawa Daikichi, The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan (Free Press, 1995), "The Lifestyle Revolution," pp. 40-70; "Facing the Twenty-first Century," pp. 138-146.
  • **Iokibe Makoto and Kitaoka Shin'ichi, "The Per- sistence of the Postwar Setup," The Japan Echo XX, special issue (1993), pp. 7-14.

Optional:

  • Honda Katsuichi, The Impoverished Spirit in Con- temporary Japan (Monthly Review Press, 1993).
  • Andrew Gordon, ed., Postwar Japan as History (California, 1993).

 

28. Nov. History/writing at the Turn of the Century

 

The end of the modern?

  • **Narita Ryuichi, "Historical Practice Before the Dawn: `Modern Japan' in Postwar History," Iichiko, No. 7 (1995): 115-126
  • *Naoki Sakai, "Modernity and its Critique: The Problem of Universalism and Particularism," in Postmodernism and Japan, ed., Miyoshi and Harootunian (Duke, 1989), pp. 93-122.
  • **Carol Gluck, "The `End' of the Postwar: Japan at the End of the Millennium," Public Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1, (Fall, 1997), pp.1-23

Optional:

  • Narita Ryuichi, "La construction du modele his- torique du "Japon moderne," Cipango, no. 6 (Autumn 1997), pp. 41-63.

 

5. Dec. Rethinking Historywriting Now

 

  • **Carol Gluck, "Meta-musings on Historywriting," ms., 1-30
  • *Carol Gluck, "House of Mirrors: American His- torywriting on Japan," in Anthony Molho and Gordon Wood, eds., Imagined Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past (Princeton, 1998), pp. 434-54.