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| Opioids are
important regulators of nociceptive signaling and |
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| they act at
many levels of the nervous system: |
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| - primary afferents |
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| - dorsal horn neurons |
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| - higher centers |
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| (RVM) |
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| Norepinephrine |
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| Serotonin |
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| Nociceptor |
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| Projection |
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| neuron |
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| Kandel Schwartz Jessell Ch
24 |