Introduction to Neuroanatomy
Regional Anatomy
Why Neuroanatomy
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Structure-function relationships |
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Localization of function in the CNS |
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Non-invasive brain imaging |
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CAT: structure, low resolution |
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MRI: structure, high resolution |
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PET: function, low resolution |
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fMRI: function, high resolution |
Dual approach to learning
neuroanatomy:
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Functional anatomy |
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Neural structures that serve particular
functions; e.g., pain path from skin to cortex for perception |
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Regional anatomy |
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Localization of structures in
particular brain regions |
Dual approach to learning
neuroanatomy:
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Functional anatomy |
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Neural structures that serve particular
functions; e.g., pain path from skin to cortex for perception |
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Regional anatomy |
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Localization of structures in
particular brain regions |
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Localization of function |
Lecture objectives:
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Overview of brain structures to
“demystify” anatomical content in Neural Science lectures |
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Survey brain structure-function
relations to provide background for first labs |
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CNS Organizational
Principles
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1) Tubular organization of central
nervous system |
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2) Columnar/longitudinal organization
of spinal and cranial nerve nuclei |
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3) Complex C-shaped organization of
cerebral cortex and deep structures |
Brief Overview of Mature CNS
Neuroanatomy
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Tubular organization of central nervous
system |
Slide 9
Brief Overview of Mature CNS
Neuroanatomy
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Tubular organization of central nervous
system |
SC
Brief Overview of Mature CNS
Neuroanatomy
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1) Tubular organization of central
nervous system |
Lateral Brain View w/curved
arrow
Slide 14
Development, as a guide to
understanding regional anatomy of the CNS
Neural Induction
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•Portion of the dorsal ectoderm
becomes committed to become the nervous system: |
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Neural plate |
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Slide 17
Neural Tube Closure Defects
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Spina bifida: caudal neural tube |
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Anencephaly: rostral neural tube |
NT development
3 ves stage
3 & 5 ves stages
7 major brain divisions
Slide 23
MRI midsag
MidsagBrain
axes
Spinal cord & brain stem
have a similar developmental plan
SC dev
Slide 29
"Key differences"
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Key differences |
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1) central canal enlargement
motor medial and sensory lateral |
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2) migration away from ventricle |
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3) >> sensory and motor |
BS dev
Medulla development
Pons development
Midbrain development
"Key differences"
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Key differences |
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1) CH more complex than BS/SC |
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2) Cortical gyri more complex anatomy
than nuclei |
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3) Subcortical nuclei are C-shaped |
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Confusing: structure in two places on
image |
Diencephalon
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Thalamus |
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Gateway to cortex |
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Hypothalamus |
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Control of endocrine and bodily
functions |
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Circadian rhythms |
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Etc. |
Slide 37
CH dev
Cerebral Cortex Development
CH dev
Lateral Brain View w/curved
arrow
MidSagDutch
Forebrain Development &
C-shaped Structures
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Cerebral cortex |
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Lateral ventricles |
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Striatum |
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Hippocampal formation and fornix |
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Striatum dev
Slide 45
LV and CP
Slide 47
Slide 48
HC and amy
Slide 50
Slide 51
Slide 52
Summary
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7 Major components of the central
nervous system & Ventricles |
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All present from ~ 1st prenatal month |
Functional Anatomy
Functional Localization
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Regional neuroanatomy: spatial
relations between brain structures within a portion of the nervous system |
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Functional neuroanatomy: those parts of
the nervous system that work together to accomplish a particular task, for
example, visual perception |
Slide 56
Slide 57
Overall Aims of Lecture
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Functional localization of neural
systems |
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Functional organization of the
thalamo-cortical systems |
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Cortical circuitry |
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Topics cut across all lectures |
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•add to preparation for lab |
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•basis for better understanding of
lectures on neural systems |
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Specifics…
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Functional localization of touch
pathway in brain stem |
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To understand hierarchical organization
of a neural system |
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To begin to become familiar with
internal brain structure |
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Organization of visual pathway |
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Segue into… |
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Functional organization of the
thalamo-cortical systems |
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Cortical circuitry |
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Slide 60
Dorsal column-medial
lemniscal system for touch
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Sensory receptor neurons |
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Dorsal column of spinal cord |
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Medial lemniscus in brain stem |
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Thalamus |
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Cortex |
UwashDCML
Slide 63
Slide 64
SSthalCXrad
UwashOptic
Slide 67
Functional localization in
the Thalamo-cortical systems
Slide 69
Slide 70
Slide 71
Slide 72
Slide 73
Brodmann’s
areas
Summary
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Principle of functional localization |