The oculomotor system

First you tell them what your gonna tell them

The purposes of eye movements

The vestibuloocular reflex.

The vestibular signal habituates, and is supplemented by vision – the optokinetic response

Smooth pursuit matches eye velocity to target velocity

Saccades move the fovea to a new position

6 Muscles move the eyes

How the single eye moves

The obliques are counterintuitive

Oblique action depends on orbital position

3 Cranial Nerves Control the Eye

Left fourth nerve palsy

Listing’s Law

The pulleys: something new in orbital anatomy and physiology.

Pulley Anatomy

The pulleys

Horizontal rectus pulleys change their position with horizontal gaze.

Eye muscle nuclei

Oculomotor neurons describe eye position and velocity.

The transformation from muscle activation to gaze

Horizontal saccades are generated in the pons and medulla

Digression on Neural Integration

Neurons involved in the generation of a saccade

Generating the horizontal gaze signal

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To reiterate

Vertical movements and vergence are organized in the midbrain

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Supranuclear control of saccades

Humans look at where they attend

Supranuclear control of saccades

Supranuclear Control of Saccades

The effect of lesions

The Antisaccade Task

The Antisaccade Task

Antisaccades

Supranuclear control of pursuit: pursuit matches eye velocity to target velocity

Smooth pursuit

Clinical deficits of smooth pursuit