Introduction to
Neuroanatomy
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Structure-function relationships |
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Localization of function in the CNS |
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Non-invasive brain imaging |
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CAT: structure, low resolution |
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MRI: structure, high resolution |
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PET: function, low resolution |
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fMRI: function, high resolution |
Dual approach to learning
neuroanatomy:
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Functional anatomy |
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Neural structures that serve particular
functions; e.g., pain path from skin to cortex for perception |
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Regional anatomy |
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Localization of structures in
particular brain regions |
Lecture objectives:
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Overview of brain structures to
“demystify” anatomical content in Neural Science lectures |
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Survey brain structure-function
relations to provide background for first labs |
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Introduction to
Neuroanatomy I:
Regional Anatomy
CNS Organizational
Principles
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1) Tubular organization of central
nervous system |
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2) Columnar/longitudinal organization
of spinal and cranial nerve nuclei |
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3) Complex C-shaped organization of
cerebral cortex and deep structures |
Brief Overview of Mature
CNS Neuroanatomy
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Tubular organization of central nervous
system |
SC
Brief Overview of Mature
CNS Neuroanatomy
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1) Tubular organization of central
nervous system |
Neural Induction
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•Portion of the dorsal ectoderm
becomes committed to become the nervous system: |
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Neural plate |
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Slide 10
NT development
3 & 5 ves stages
MidsagBrain
axes
Spinal cord & brain
stem have a similar developmental plan
SC dev
Slide 17
"Key differences"
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Key differences |
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1) central canal enlargement
motor medial and sensory lateral |
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2) migration away from ventricle |
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3) >> sensory and motor |
BS dev
Medulla development
Pons development
Midbrain development
"Key differences"
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Key differences |
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1) CH more complex than BS/SC |
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2) Cortical gyri more complex anatomy
than nuclei |
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3) Subcortical nuclei are C-shaped |
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Confusing: structure in two places on
image |
Diencephalon
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Thalamus |
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Gateway to cortex |
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Hypothalamus |
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Control of endocrine and bodily
functions |
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Circadian rhythms |
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Etc. |
CH dev
Cerebral Cortex Development
Forebrain Development &
C-shaped Structures
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Cerebral cortex (NTA 3-15) |
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Lateral ventricles (NTA 3-16) |
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Striatum (NTA 3-16) |
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Hippocampal formation and fornix
(NTA 3-17) |
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Summary
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7 Major components of the central
nervous system & Ventricles |
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All present from ~ 1st prenatal month |