Emphysema (slide #15)

This woman was in her 60's and a long time smoker. The typical changes of emphysema include dilated alveoli and ruptured alveolar septa (walls) with “clubbing” of the ends of the alveolar walls at the sites of rupture.

Questions

1. The leading causes of this histologic picture are:
2. What histologic (and gross) feature is most likely to accompany emphysema?
3. How are the types of emphysema classified?

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