Gender and Mood

Slide 2

Mood Disorders with Sexual Dimorphism

Unipolar Illness in Women: Incidence and Prevalence Data

Unipolar Illness in Women: Incidence and Prevalence Data

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Treatment of PMDD

Unipolar Illness in Women: Incidence and Prevalence Data

Post-partum Depression (PPD)

Unipolar Illness in Women: Incidence and Prevalence Data

Slide 12

Gender Effects in BPD

Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder

Validation of Rapid Cycling for DSM-IV

Episodes During 12 Months Follow Up

Gender and Episode Frequency

Slide 18

Slide 19

Rapid Cycling in Women: Theories

Episode Type by Gender

Are Women More Vulnerable to AD?

Evidence for Hormonal Effects on Mood in Affective Illness

What do we know about bipolar disorder during times of hormonal flux?

"Estimated 7%"

Postpartum Vulnerability

Slide 27

Working hypothesis: Rapid cycling is more common in women due to triggering by hormonal cycles.

Perimenstrual Mood Changes

Slide 30

Method

Subjects

Menstrual Phase Effects

Slide 34

Slide 35

Preliminary Observations

Slide 37

Perimenstrual Mood Changes
Possible Pathophysiology

"Is estrogen an antidepressant?"

Is Estrogen an Antidepressant?

Slide 41

Estrogen in Peri-Menopause

Estrogen Effects on 5HT

Evidence for a 5HT/Estrogen Connection

3α Reduced Neurosteroids

Slide 46

Slide 47

Slide 48

Neurosteroid Effects

Effects of Neurosteroids

Mood Stabilizer Effects on GABA and Glutamate

Slide 52

Treatment

Slide 54

Conclusions