The Neurobiology of Mood Disorders

Mood Disorders are Serious

The Course of Unipolar Disorders

The Course of Bipolar Disorders

Why are Mood Disorders Recurrent?

Topics

Neurotransmitter Deficiency Hypotheses of Depression

Neurotransmitter Excess Hypotheses of Depression

Serotonin in Major Depression

CSF 5-HIAA in DEPRESSION

Serotonin Neuroendocrine Challenges

Effect of Serotonin Depletion in Unipolar Disorders

Serotonin Function is Abnormal Between and During Episodes of Major Depression

HPA STRESS AXIS AND SEROTONIN IN MAJOR DEPRESSION

Platelets Used as a Serotonin Neuron Model In Studies of Major Depression

Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptors

 Candidate Serotonin Genes in Depression

Norepinephrine System

Dopamine Function is Deficient in Major Depression

GABA in Major Depression

Fewer GABA Neurons in Anterior Cingulate and Entorhinal Cortex in Bipolar Disorders

Neurotransmitters and Mania: Hypotheses

ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION

WHY IS THERE A DELAYED ONSET OF ACTION of ANTIDEPRESSANTS

SECOND MESSENGER EFFECTS in ADDITION TO TRANSMITTER EFFECTS

ECT or Convulsive Therapy

PEPTIDE ANTAGONISTS

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT NORMALIZES HPA STRESS SYSTEM OVER-ACTIVITY IN DEPRESSION

Consequences of Failure to Diagnose and Treat Depression

Finit and good luck.

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