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of a factory onto that is also required to be automatically self-closing and he a fire-proof door - that is, a metal door which has wings out over the frame, preventing smoke from getting in, and which closes automatically when the heat reaches the point where it melts a link in the chain.

Those are the best possible exterior exits. We went to see those. They existed at that time in Philadelphia, but so far as I know didn't exist anywhere else. Men like Professor Woolson, Mr. Stewart, Porter and the NFPA took us to see those things. They knew where they were and they were admirable in keeping us all informed. They were the experts who taught us what where the principles to be thought of.

Porter sold his theory of occupancy, although it was desperately opposed by all the real estate interests of the City of New York and by many upstate factory owners, but not with such intensity as the real estate owners in the City of New York, who had depended for their dividends and earnings upon over-occupied loft buildings. That was the way you made money - rent out floor by floor at very high prices to manufacturers who couldn't pay the rent you charged if they didn't crowd the people on to it and have a very high production and a lot of machinery. The idea of requiring that all aisles be three feet wide and lead in an absolutely straight direction to a safe means