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was self-appointed and I think he had formed the organization. He was against everything and he was also against women and against women opening their mouths about anything. He was a misanthrope at best, and English born, so that whenever anybody got mad at him they twitted him about his English birth. He was very talkative, very shrewd, very quick and afraid of nothing. He was not afraid of losing his reputation or anything else. He was always in the real estate group opposing us. He once really challenged me. I was called to testify before the Factory Investigating Commission on an investigation which I had made in the City of New York into cellar bakeries. I was just going to give testimony on the stand with regard to what I'd found. I think they were sitting in the Board of Aldermen Chamber. Smith was presiding. I was called to the witness stand and was asked to be sworn. I was sworn. Smith said, “I qualify this witness to give expert testimony.”

Stewart came screaming down the aisle, “I challenge this person's testimony. Permit me to examine the witness. I challenge the right of this witness to speak as an expert.”

Smith said to him, “What do you mean?”

He said, “How is she an expert? Let me ask her questions. Are you a graduate of an engineering school?”