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that was accomplished by that, although pressure had been put on me to go and pressure was put upon the Governor to instruct me to go. He had so many letters and he had so much intervention that he said, “Why don't you go, Frances? I think it would be a good idea and something we would want to know about. If unemployment is worldwide, we ought to look into it. We ought to be there. They've asked somebody from the State of New York rather than somebody from that bunch of swindlers down in Washington.”

We knew that there was a bunch of swindlers in the U.S. Department of Labor and Employment Service that were putting out false figures all the time. He knew that. So this crowd had picked us in the State of New York, rather than asking the federal government to send somebody.

So I went. Since I was going I decided to stop over in England for three or four weeks and really make kind of a study of the administrative problems involved in unemployment insurance, which of course we had never faced. We were moving towards it in our minds as a remedy, but we had never faced how you would administer it, or what the problems might be. Also I wanted to look into the operation of their public employment service, which dovetails right in with an unemployment insurance system.

This conference in Amsterdam must have been in June 1931.