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living in their own way. So I don't think that the class struggle idea was very much fixed.

The bakers' union, with which I had some contact, was a non-Jewish German union. There were almost no Jews in the bakers' union. In New York City the local was very largely German. I remember going to a meeting at the Labor Turnverein in the East eighties. Any union could hire that for a meeting. I went to a meeting up there at the time when we were fussing about the cellar bakeries - as far back as that. Raymond Fosdick was involved in that. I went to the meeting to make a little speech and to try to get them to support me in an effort to do something about factory baking which was coming in. The Ward Baking Company had just built a great big plant in New York. The people were beginning to buy bread that had been made in a factory instead of bread that had been made in a little bakery around the corner. That small bakery was just disappearing then.

Up at that meeting I heard these words about the class struggle and the working class. I had, after all, taken a course at the University of Pennsylvania at the Wharton School and I had read the books about this 1848 rise of a socialist theory. It was called socialist then, I learned, but they published a thing called the Communist Manifesto. I had heard about this in the course I took