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Wickersham Commission hadn't even heard of. As he began to operate, he found them and the sources of the corruption.

He took into his office one of the people in the Immigration Service about whom I had very strong suspicions. He didn't seem to me to be the type we wanted for anything. He struck me as being a kind of cruel type who was not interested in humanitarian reforms in the Immigration Service. He struck me as being probably susceptible to temptation, certainly able to wink at misdoings and misbehavior. Dan came down to me one day and said, “Now, I'm going to put 'So-and-So' in as one of my assistants.” He had taken two of the best men as his assistants, and now said, “I want to take Joe in as my assistant.” I'm not even going to use his name in this document, because the man now has an excellent reputation.

I said, “Oh, I think that's a mistake. I'll tell you what I think about Joe.” Joe is his first, but not last name. “I observed him before you got here. I think he's shifty. I think he would cheat. I think he will tolerate a kind of cruelty that you and I will try to wash out of the Immigration Service.”

That was one of our great problems. The brutality of the Immigration Service was beyond words. They're naturally brutal. Whenever they said “alien,” they said “undesirable