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labor in there, but they want it. Every time they've tried to organize it's been put down with a bang. Anybody who joins a union loses his job. That's been the pattern. It's the pattern all through the South. It's the pattern through the low-cost areas of this country. And that's where the competition comes from. The competition that the more progressive employers can't meet and that is bogging them down now is the competition that comes from areas where they've been sold to the open shop theory, by which they mean non-union. They don't really mean open shop. They mean non-union. They won't have a union.”

After the First World War there was a big open shop drive, called by that name. Manufacturers signed up to it as though they were signing to a crusade - “Put down the unions! No agreements! No contracts!” The result was that there was really very little union organization.

At any rate, we conceived that there ought to be some reference to the fact that working people had some rights in this matter too, that this was not going to be wholly a code developed by a dictator, a director, with the assistance, advice, and self-serving recommendation of a lot of menufacturers. Since the purpose of this was to restore activity and employment, the working people themselves would have some part to play in this. In a