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Labor, appointed by President Wilson. He had an idea of his own, which he brought in. That was that there should be a Conciliation Service and that conciliators from the federal Department of Labor should be available when there was a strike to assist in the settling of it. Some of the state labor departments had had conciliation services long before 1913. I don't know whether he got his idea from that or not, but there were great areas of this country where there were no conciliators and no conciliation offices in the states - none whatever. New York had a conciliation service. Massachusetts had one. Pennsylvania had one. New Jersey had one. At this moment I can't name the states that had them, but there were enormous areas where they never saw a conciliator. If they went on strike, they struck and sweated it out. Nobody ever came around trying to bring the two parties together, get an agreement and settle the strike.

Wilson had seen and observed that and thought that there should be some such thing established in the Department of Labor. He therefore established it. He had been a member of Congress for some time. He was born in a mining community and worked as a miner for a brief time in his youth. That was not for a very long time, but at least he had worked as a miner. Then he had gone into politics, business and