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specific case, of course, this whole question of what constituted deportable action with regard to membership in a variety of organizations which might or might not be subversive - we'll say radical organization. Subversive is now taken to be overthrow of government by force and violence. They also discussed what constituted evidence that a given organization did advocate the overthrow of the United States government by force and violence. So we had a lot of discussion about it.

There had been cases since I had become Secretary of Labor, such as the Strocker Case, which had just moved along routinely, and in which the Immigration Service had ruled, as it had ruled before, that membership in any Communist party organization did constitute advocacy of the overthrow of the United States government by force and violence, which under the law is all you can deport a man for. They had a regular package of evidence which they introcuced in all such cases. I remember Shaughnesay laying it out before me. “This is what we introduce. Here is the Communist Manifesto. Here is something or other of the Third Internationale.” I don't remember what they all were, but they must be listed somewhere.

I must say that at the time I think I had never gone over in detail what constituted these moves against